نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای سیاسی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، پاییز 1399)

The phenomenon of piracy and terrorism in the South China Sea area, cause attention and the presence of more coastal states and regional powers in these areas . Although this phenomenon in the past,Was considered as a challenge for coastal states But today, with the development of security tools, The opportunity to bordering countries and extra-up They can cope with the excuse of the fight against piracy and international terrorism, seeking to achieve the goals that are beyond what is explicitly expressed.The research question is the attitude of the international system in the face of the phenomenon of piracy and terrorism in the South China Sea today? In response to this question, it was found that each of the regional and trans-regional powers behave differently towards these two phenomena are manifest.Descriptive and analytical study was conducted.

Territory Position and Shape of Geometry of Territory are Important in Geostrategic and Geopolitical Positions of Countries. The Westphalian Treaty (1648), formed by Territorial States, has Created Different Countries with Different Geometry of Territory. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of land geometry in some Islamic countries after 9/11, 2001 in the Middle East and East Africa. This paper deals with qualitative method and descriptive-analytical nature of content analysis with the approach to geopolitical view the theory of the Space Model of Active Geostrategic Faults in the World has The question is whether the geometry of the territory of some Islamic countries in the Middle East and East Africa has changed after 2001? Based on this question, the research assumes that there has been a change in the geometry of the lands of some Islamic countries in the Middle East and East Africa after 2001. In Different parts of the World, Countries are dispersed in terms of the five forms Considered for Geometry of the Territory. Islamic Countries also have Territories with different Geometric Shapes. After September 11, 2001, when new Scenarios for Islamic Countries were written, one of the Issues Raised in these Scenarios was the focus on the Territorial division of some Islamic Countries According to Ethnicity and Religion. East Africa and the Middle East are areas where changes in Geometry of Territory have occurred or will happen again in the future. The Results show that in the Islamic countries of East Africa, we witnessed the formation of South Sudan, and in Syria in the Middle East also the Golan Heights occupied by Israel, recently identified by the US Government as their Country, although the Countries of the World and the United Nations have not recognized this issue.

Review:Iran is a multi-ethnic society and in addition to cultural commonalities, each ethnic group has its own linguistic, local and cultural characteristics. Undoubtedly, the national unity and integrity of Iran is owed to the coexistence and peaceful historical relations of the tribes with each other, so the issue of national unity and integrity of Iran can not be maintained without considering intercultural and inter-ethnic communication, convergence and coexistence. Identities were considered. This common collective feeling, usually expressed by the collective pronoun "we", while creating solidarity between the members of each ethnic group, determines the symbolic boundaries and distance of each ethnic group from other ethnic groups. The degree of adherence of members of each ethnic group to their ethnic identity and their distance from other ethnic groups is different, and this difference is a function of several factors that need to be recognized. The concept of ethnic closeness is measured by the acceptance of members of one ethnic group toward another ethnic group. This concept is often used to measure the degree of possible intimacy in the social relations of different racial and ethnic groups and the relationship between their members. The study of this issue, due to the characteristics of North Khorasan province becomes more important and necessary.Keywords:Ethnicity, North Khorasan, sense of ethnic closeness, coexistence, ethnic identity

Water scarcity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, is one of the problems of the current century. According to forecasts for 2030, about 47% of the world's population will live in areas with severe water shortages. On the other hand, rivers do not recognize political borders, and this fact has created a unique and complex situation for Iran and its border rivers, one of the most sensitive of which is in relation to the border waters of Iran and Afghanistan. For example, the dispute over the Helmand River, which originates in Afghanistan and flows into Iran's Hamoon Wetland, is 150 years old and has brought Iran and Afghanistan to the negotiating table many times, and various agreements have been concluded that have little effect on the issue. There has been no water crisis in Sistan, which stems from Afghanistan's water supply policies from the region. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to answer the main question: what crises and consequences have the water crisis in Sistan and Afghanistan's water policies had for Sistan and Baluchestan? To answer this question and to identify the situation of water resources in Sistan and Baluchestan, which is affected by these policies, it has been studied using the field method. The results show that Helmand is the only source of water supply in Sistan.

Numerous studies have examined and analyzed the urban form. In these studies, discussions of the urban form generally focus on the contrast between scattered, and compact forms. Although scattered, and concentrated forms are the two dominant models in this regard, but a comprehensive study and analysis of other dimensions of the urban form and its relationship with other urban dimensions such as social and economic characteristics have rarely been done. In this paper, ten spatial measures in the form of five distinct dimensions of compactness, diversity, porosity, density, and complexity have been used to study and analyze the urban form and the relationship between urban form and demographic characteristics of neighborhoods with different social, and demographic characteristics have been studied. The results of spatial measurements show that there are significant differences in the dimensions of the urban form of urban case studies. The urban form of city Zahedan has high compaction and density, low complexity and porosity, and moderate diversity. Also, the results of the relationship between urban form and demographic characteristics of Zahedan city show that although there is a direct positive and significant relationship between demographic characteristics and the combined score of spatial measures of urban form; This relationship does not apply to all spatial metrics.